Fireworks instantly color the summer night sky.
Its beauty and power have long been loved as a summer tradition in Japan. What history and stories are hidden in that moment when brightly colored lights spread across the night sky? Knowing the origins and evolution of fireworks and their uniquely Japanese charm will surely change the way you enjoy fireworks.
In this article, we will explain in detail the history, types, colors, shapes, sounds, and many other aspects of fireworks.
Please read to the end for a more in-depth enjoyment of the fireworks display!
History and origin of fireworks: when did they start?
The history of fireworks began in China about 2,000 years ago.
The invention of gunpowder led to the development of firecrackers and wolf smoke used in religious ceremonies. and religious ceremonies.
Later, it spread to the Middle East and Europe via the Silk Road, and in the 16th century, it was introduced to Japan, where it evolved into the beautiful fireworks we see today in its original form in each region.
We will now introduce its detailed history.
The Beginning and Development of Fireworks Through the Ages
The history of fireworks begins with the discovery of gunpowder in China.
Around 200 B.C., gunpowder was accidentally invented in China, and the first use for it was the “firecracker. They were used to drive away evil spirits by exploding gunpowder packed in bamboo tubes.
Later, while gunpowder was used for military purposes, its beauty attracted attention and it was also used for festivals and imperial banquets. 10th century, the technology of gunpowder was introduced to the Middle East and Europe via the Silk Road, and in the 13th century, the technology of fireworks was brought to Europe through Marco Polo and the Crusaders The first fireworks were used in the Middle East and Europe in the 10th century.
Especially in Italy, the artistry of fireworks increased during the Renaissance and developed as a show to add color to the festivities of the royalty and aristocracy.
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, fireworks were introduced to Japan by Portuguese and Dutch merchants.
History and Development of Fireworks in Japan: From the Edo Period to the Present Day
Fireworks were introduced to Japan in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Along with gunpowder technology brought by Portuguese and Dutch merchants, fireworks were also introduced to Japan.
From this point on, Japanese unique aesthetics and techniques were combined, and fireworks developed as a unique “art form to color the night sky”. Fireworks eventually evolved into a uniquely Japanese culture and became an established summer tradition.
Fireworks Artists Who Colored the Night Sky of Edo
In the Edo period (1603-1867), fireworks rapidly spread among the common people and became an established summer tradition. In particular, fireworks festivals along the Sumida River were a catalyst for fireworks to become a part of the culture of the townspeople.
Two fireworks masterminds, “Kagiya” and “Tamaya,” played important roles here. Kagiya and Tamaya were two of the most prestigious names in the world of fireworks during the Edo period.
They competed with each other’s techniques and attracted the people of Edo by shooting more beautiful and innovative fireworks into the night sky. Particular attention was paid to the colors and shapes of the fireworks, creating unique Japanese fireworks styles such as “peony,” “chrysanthemum,” and “willow.
Also, thanks to this competition, technological innovations were made and the artistry of Japanese fireworks was progressively enhanced. By the late Edo period (1603-1867), fireworks festivals began to flourish in various regions, and fireworks began to take deep root as a traditional regional culture.
Pyrotechnicians developed new pyrotechnic techniques to enhance their skills and prestige, and these techniques have been passed down from generation to generation and continue to the present day.
Evolution and international expansion since the Meiji era
In the Meiji Era, Japan actively adopted Western technology and knowledge, and the manufacturing technology of fireworks evolved greatly.
With the introduction of new chemicals, the colors of fireworks have become richer and more vibrant, allowing for “red,” “green,” “blue,” and other vivid hues to be achieved.
Also, with the improvement of pyrotechnics, larger and more intricately shaped fireworks could be launched, making fireworks displays more and more varied.
In the 20th century, Japanese fireworks attracted even more international attention. During the postwar reconstruction period, Japanese pyrotechnics were highly regarded in many countries and received high acclaim in international fireworks competitions.
In particular, fireworks displays at Nagaoka, Sumida River, and Lake Suwa are popular among tourists from overseas and widely recognized among international fireworks enthusiasts for their high level of skill and beauty.
Modern fireworks continue to evolve, combining traditional and modern techniques. The introduction of new materials and digital technology has created fireworks of unprecedented colors and shapes, enabling more spectacular and detailed productions.
In this way, Japanese fireworks continue to attract many people in Japan and abroad.
Thus, from the Edo period to the present day, Japanese fireworks have continued to refine their techniques and aesthetic sense, and have now established a firm position as one of the traditional cultures loved around the world.
Types of fireworks and their attractions
There are various types of fireworks in Japan, including handheld, launched, and trap fireworks, each with its own unique charm.
Here are some details about the characteristics of each firework and its attractions.
About hand-held fireworks
Handheld fireworks are a summer tradition in Japan that can be easily enjoyed with family and friends.
There are various types of fireworks, such as “senko-hanabi” (sparklers) and “sugi” (silver grass), which release sparks, and their fleeting beauty evokes the “wabi and sabi” of Japan.
The appeal of hand-held fireworks is their simple beauty and ease of use.
Attractiveness and Difference between Fireworks and Trapped Fireworks
Fireworks launches, which are the main feature of a fireworks display, are characterized by their dynamic presentation of large flowers in the night sky. On the other hand, the trick fireworks are delicate and artistic fireworks that create pictures and letters on the ground. Each type of fireworks has different charms.
skyrocket (firework)
Fireworks are a performance of colorful patterns spreading across the night sky.
A wide variety of expressions, from traditional forms such as “peony” and “chrysanthemum” to more contemporary designs, captivate audiences.
fireworks piece
The trick fireworks are artistic fireworks that create shapes such as “Niagara Falls” and “Letter Fireworks” on the ground.
It features a storybook production in which the skill and creativity of the pyrotechnicians shine through.
What is the difference between Japanese and foreign fireworks?
Japanese and foreign fireworks have their own unique beauty. Japanese fireworks are characterized by their delicate colors and beautiful shapes, as well as their elegant presentation as large flowers slowly open in the night sky, leaving a lingering afterglow to be enjoyed. and enjoy the afterglow of the fireworks.
For example, in the “two-tiered bloom,” the fireworks bloom twice, allowing spectators to take their time and savor the quiet, fleeting beauty of the fireworks.
On the other hand, overseas fireworks, especially in the U.S. and Europe, are mainly dynamic displays of powerful sound and light. and light.
They are characterized by performances that surprise spectators with loud explosions and continuous launches, and are often synchronized with music in a show style. In this way, Japanese fireworks are “static beauty” and overseas fireworks are “dynamic attraction” to be enjoyed.
By learning the differences between them, you will discover new charms of fireworks.
History of Fireworks Festivals: Famous Events Born of Tradition
Fireworks festivals in Japan are said to have started in 1733, during the “Ryogoku Kawabiraki” in the Edo period, to mourn the victims of famine and epidemics on the Sumida River.
This tradition spread as a pastime for the common people, and various fireworks displays were held in various locations.
Nagaoka Fireworks and other historic events
Fireworks festivals in Japan are special summer events that reflect local traditions and culture. Each event has its own special moments that reflect the wishes of the local people. Here we introduce three fireworks displays that boast a particularly long history and charm.
Nagaoka Fireworks Display (Niigata Prefecture)
The Nagaoka Fireworks Festival began in 1946 with the wish for postwar reconstruction.
Every August, approximately 20,000 fireworks are launched on the banks of the Shinano River, and the festival is known for its large scale and impressive presentation of the “San-Shaku-Dama” and the “Phoenix Fireworks for Reconstruction Prayers”.
The fireworks that bloom in the night sky along with prayers for peace are etched in the hearts of many people.
Sumida River Fireworks Display (Tokyo)
The Sumida River Fireworks Festival is the oldest fireworks festival in Japan and originates from “Ryogoku Kawabiraki” in the Edo period.
Since its inception in 1733, approximately 20,000 fireworks light up the night sky of Tokyo every July. The fireworks display along the Sumida River is a historic summer tradition in Tokyo that is enjoyed by tourists from Japan and abroad.
Omagari Fireworks (Akita Prefecture)
Omagari Fireworks is known as a national fireworks competition that began in 1905.
Fireworks artists from all over Japan compete in their skills and pursue their originality and beauty in the “Free Fireworks” and “No. 10 Ball” competitions. The fireworks display, which competes at the pinnacle of technique and beauty, attracts many fans every year.
Fireworks of the Future: Technological Innovations and Emerging Trends
Fireworks are constantly evolving through technological innovation while preserving tradition.
More recently, the next generation of fireworks has emerged with more vibrant colors and unique shapes.
The next generation of fireworks with new colors and shapes
Advances in chemical technology have made it possible to express new colors such as “pink” and “pastel colors.
In addition, digital control enables fireworks synchronized with music and fireworks that draw three-dimensional shapes using 3D effects, making it possible to enjoy more complex and dynamic productions.
In addition, environmentally friendly “eco-friendly fireworks” are now available, and efforts are being made to reduce smoke and toxic substances. Fireworks of the future will continue to provide new excitement through technological advancement.
To enjoy fireworks more
In order to enjoy fireworks more, it is helpful to know a little about their culture and techniques to further deepen your appreciation. Here is a brief introduction to how to enjoy fireworks.
Fireworks calls and their history
At Japanese fireworks displays, you often hear “Tama-ya! and “Kagiya! originated from “Tamaya” and “Kagiya”, two fireworks makers in the Edo period (1603-1868).
It began when the two competitors competed in a fireworks display on the Sumida River, and spectators cheered them on by shouting their respective names. This tradition continues to this day and adds to the flavor of the fireworks display.
Type of size of fireworks
Fireworks come in a variety of sizes, each with different characteristics.
For example, the large “shakudama” or “ball of light” will spread 300 meters in diameter when in full bloom, creating a large ring in the night sky.
The following are typical types of fireworks sizes.
- San-sun Tamashii (9cm): Small and for short distances.
- 5″ ball (15cm): Medium size for easy viewing over a wide area.
- Shaku-dama (30 cm): A large ball used in many competitions.
- Nishaku-dama (60cm): Large fireworks for large scale events. (Diameter when in full bloom: approx. 500 m)
- 3 Shaku-dama (90cm): Giant firework famous for the Nagaoka Fireworks Festival. (When in full bloom, the diameter is about 800 m.)
- Shikaku-dama (120cm): one of the world’s largest balls, used in Katakai Festival. (Diameter is about 1 km when in bloom)
These differences in size change the power and spectacle of the fireworks, giving each fireworks display its own unique appeal.
Shape and design of fireworks
Fireworks come in many shapes and designs, and their beauty varies from the traditional to the unique.
- Peony: Round and spread out, typical shape of common fireworks.
- Chrysanthemum: persistent, in the form of a light tail remaining at the edge.
- Willow: The light slowly disappears in a drooping form.
- Senrin: A spectacular form that resembles a myriad of small flowers.
- Starmine: A display in which multiple fireworks are shot off in succession.
- Heart Smile: A design that surprises the audience with a special shape.
- Letter Fireworks: Draw letters and numbers to convey messages.
Colors and sounds of fireworks
The color of a firework is determined by the chemical composition of the gunpowder. For example, strontium is used for red, copper for blue, barium for green, and sodium for yellow.
Japanese fireworks are especially appreciated for their delicate color expression, which is also a point where the craftsmen’s skills shine through.
The sound of the fireworks is also an important factor.
The “whoosh” sound at the time of launch is produced by attaching a special “whistle tube” to emphasize the movement of the fireworks as they rise in the sky. The “boom” sound at the time of explosion and the “crackle” and “sizzle” sounds of combustion can also be enjoyed in different ways depending on the type and size of the fireworks.
The combination of sound and color makes fireworks even more attractive.
summary
Fireworks are an important symbol of Japanese history and culture.
Their beauty and power have been loved by many people for generations. The enjoyment of fireworks displays will be further deepened by getting acquainted with the types, shapes, colors, and sounds of fireworks.
We invite you to visit a Japanese fireworks display next summer and experience its charm firsthand. By enjoying a new production that combines traditional beauty with modern technology, you will enjoy Japanese culture even more.
Motenas Japan also offers a variety of programs to experience Japanese culture.
Click here to contact Motenas Japan
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